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ozone depletion

  • ozone is a gas

  • their is a layer of ozone high up in the atmosphere

  • the ozone layer is 25 km of the ground

  • the sun sends out ultraviolet rays it can harm living organisms

  • the ozone layer reduces the ultraviolet ray that reaches the ground

  • in 1985 scientists discovered that their is less ozone layer in the antarctic

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5 kingdom of organisms .

🌱 what is a kingdom?

a kingdom is a big group scientists made to sort all living things.every plant, animal, fungus, and tiny germ belongs to one of these five kingdoms.they are grouped by how they eat, grow, and build their body.

🦠 1. Monera – the first life

these are tiny single-celled beings — the oldest life on Earth.they have no nucleus (so their DNA just floats around).they live everywhere — in soil, hot springs, even inside you.

examples: bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

they:

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Amphibians and Reptiles .

🐸 Amphibians

Amphibians are animals that live two kinds of lives — one in water and one on land.The word “amphibian” means “double life.”

🧬 how they grow

When they are born, they start life in water as larvae (like tadpoles).They breathe with gills like fish and swim using a tail.Then, as they grow up, they go through a change called metamorphosis —their gills turn into lungs, their tails shrink, and they grow legs for land.

💧 why they need water

Even when they live on land, their skin must stay wet.Their skin helps them breathe oxygen directly from air or water.If their skin dries, they can suffocate.That’s why you’ll see frogs, salamanders, and newts in damp places.

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Price Elasticity of Demand (PED)

Price Elasticity of Demand (PED)

Definition

Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) measures how much the quantity demanded of a product changes when its price changes. It shows how sensitive or responsive consumers are to changes in price.

Formula

ree
  • If PED > 1 → Demand is elastic

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Prokaryote kingdom and Protoctist kingdom

Prokaryote Kingdom

  • Includes bacteria and blue-green algae.

  • They are unicellular (single-celled) organisms.

  • No true nucleus — their DNA is not inside a nuclear membrane.

  • Cells are simple in structure compared to other organisms.

  • Some are useful (e.g. in food production), while others can cause diseases.

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Jaza
16 hours ago · posted in Jaza

Amphibians


  • Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates (their body temperature changes with the environment).

  • They live both in water and on land during different stages of their life.

  • Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders, newts.

Features of Amphibians:

  • Skin: Moist, thin, and soft; used for breathing (through skin) and sometimes protection.

  • Respiration: Can breathe through gills (as young tadpoles) and lungs (as adults).

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Razi
17 hours ago · posted in Razi

comparing non metals and metals

Metals and non-metals show many differences when compared, especially in living organisms and their surroundings. Metals are usually hard, shiny, and have the ability to be shaped without breaking, which is called malleability. They can conduct heat and electricity very well, making them useful in wires and machines. Non-metals, on the other hand, are usually soft or brittle and do not shine like metals. They are poor conductors of heat and electricity. While metals tend to lose electrons in reactions, non-metals usually gain electrons, forming negative ions. Metals form basic oxides when they react with oxygen, but non-metals form acidic oxides. Important non-metals like oxygen are essential for life because all living beings need oxygen to survive. Non-metals such as nitrogen and phosphorus help plants grow as fertilizers, and chlorine is used to clean water. Overall, metals are strong and good for construction and tools, while non-metals play vital roles…

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structure of atoms

An atom's structure consists of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, made of protons and neutrons, and negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus in shells or orbitals. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the element's atomic number, while a neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. Electrons exist in specific energy levels, governed by quantum mechanics, and their arrangement determines the atom's chemical properties.

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Adaptations of Arabian Oryx (Desert Habitat)

White body colour reflects sunlight → keeps the body cool in the desert.

Can survive many days without drinking water → gets water from plants + reduces water loss.

Body temperature can rise safely → less sweating → saves water.

Long sharp horns → protection from predators.

Wide hooves → easy to walk and run on loose desert sand.

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Vinod
Vinod
15 hours ago

Very small



Ayana Ashok

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