Ridha Fathima

Adaptations of Arabian Oryx (Desert Habitat)

White body colour reflects sunlight → keeps the body cool in the desert.

Can survive many days without drinking water → gets water from plants + reduces water loss.

Body temperature can rise safely → less sweating → saves water.

Long sharp horns → protection from predators.

Wide hooves → easy to walk and run on loose desert sand.

General Adaptations

• Adaptation means special features that help a plant survive in its environment.

• Plants adapt to get sunlight, water, air, and nutrients efficiently.

• Adaptations help plants survive in extreme conditions like deserts, water, cold regions, and rainforests.

Desert Plants (Xerophytes)

• Thick fleshy stems to store water (example: cactus).

Fruits are the developed mature ovaries of a flower that contain seeds.

They form after fertilization and help in protecting and spreading the seeds to grow new plants

dispersal

Seed dispersal is the process of spreading or moving seeds away from the parent plant.

This helps plants grow in new places and reduces competition for sunlight, water, and nutrients.

differences between fruits and vegetables

Fertilization in plants is the process where the male gamete present inside the pollen grain fuses with the female gamete (egg) present inside the ovule of the flower.

Fertilization

Fertilization is the process where the male gamete and the female gamete join together to form a new life. In humans this is when the sperm from the father meets the egg from the mother and they fuse to form a zygote. This zygote is the very first cell of a new organism and after fertilization it starts dividing to form an embryo. Fertilization is extremely important because without it, a new living organism cannot start developing.

What are the things in Fertilization

During fertilization the sperm, which is produced in the male’s testes, travels into the female reproductive system and reaches the fallopian tube. The egg, which comes from the ovary, is released during ovulation and waits in the fallopian tube. Out of millions of sperm, only one sperm successfully enters the egg. When the sperm enters, both their nuclei combine and their genetic information mixes together. This…

atomic structure

Atomic structure describes how an atom's subatomic particles are arranged: protons and neutrons form a dense, central nucleus, while electrons orbit it in shells or energy levels. The number of protons, known as the atomic number, defines the element and is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom. The mass number is the combined total of protons and neutrons, and the overall arrangement determines the atom's chemical properties

Pollination is one of the most important natural processes that helps flowering plants reproduce and continue their life cycle. It is the process by which pollen grains are transferred from the anther (the male part of a flower) to the stigma (the female part of a flower). This transfer allows plants to make seeds and fruits, ensuring that new plants can grow in the future. Without pollination, most plants would not be able to produce fruits or seeds, and life on Earth would be very different because plants are the base of every food chain.

A flower has both male and female parts that play special roles in pollination.

The anther is part of the male structure called the stamen. It produces pollen grains that contain the male reproductive cells.

The stigma is the top part of the female structure called the carpel or pistil, and it receives the pollen…

Definition

The digestive system (gastrointestinal system) is the part of the body that digests food, absorbs nutrients, and removes waste.

Functions

Breaks down food into simple chemicals.

Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream.

Sends nutrients to the liver for processing.

The skeletal system is the body’s framework made of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

Blood cell production: Bone marrow makes red and white blood cells.

Transportation in Plants is the movement of water, minerals, and food from one part of the plant to another using xylem (for water) and phloem (for food) to help the plant grow, stay healthy, and survive.

Xylem – Moves water and minerals up from roots (like pipes in a building).

Phloem – Moves food from leaves to all parts (like delivery trucks).

Roots – Absorb water and minerals (like water wells).

Leaves – Make food and release water (like factories).

Stem – Carries xylem and phloem (like a highway for transport)

🔹 1. Types of Cells (in humans)

Muscle cells 💪 – help in movement

Nerve cells (neurons) 🧠 – carry messages

Blood cells 🩸 – red blood cells carry oxygen, white fight germs

Skin cells 🧴 – protect the body

Bone cells 🦴 – give support