Non-metals
Non-metals are elements that mostly lack the properties of metals and can exist as gases, liquids, or solids. They are usually dull and not shiny, except for some like iodine. Non-metals are generally poor conductors of heat and electricity, with an exception being graphite, a form of carbon that can conduct electricity. Their melting points tend to be lower than metals, and they are brittle, meaning they break easily and cannot be bent or shaped. Chemically, non-metals have high electronegativity and ionization energy, so they tend to gain electrons in reactions, forming negative ions and acidic oxides when combined with oxygen. Non-metals include elements such as carbon, sulfur, iodine, oxygen, and hydrogen. Some non-metals, like carbon, show allotropy, existing in different forms with distinct physical properties, such as diamond and graphite. Non-metals do not exhibit malleability or ductility, unlike metals, and they do not produce metallic bonding which accounts for their poor conductivity. They occupy the right side of the periodic table and include important gases like oxygen and nitrogen, which are essential for life.
Non-metals include elements like carbon, sulfur, iodine, oxygen, and hydrogen.
They can be solids or gases; bromine is a liquid non-metal.
Non-metals are usually dull and not shiny (except iodine).
They have high melting and boiling points in some allotropes, e.g., diamond.
Non-metals are brittle and break easily.
They do not conduct electricity well (except graphite).
Non-metals produce acidic oxides when dissolved in water.
They have high ionization energy and electronegativity.
Non-metals gain electrons in reactions to form negative ions.
They do not have malleability or ductility like metals (they can't be shaped easily).