Unification of Germany
After Napoleon’s defeat in 1815, Germans desired an independent and united Germany.
At that time, Germany consisted of 39 small states, mainly led by Austria and Prussia.
These states often fought with each other, which hindered economic progress.
Kaiser William I, the King of Prussia, appointed Otto von Bismarck as Prime Minister to lead the unification movement.
Bismarck believed in unity through “Blood and Iron” (war and strength), earning him the title “Iron Chancellor.”
He modernised the Prussian army and acted without parliament’s approval for tax collection.
In 1864, Bismarck allied with Austria against Denmark, winning Schleswig and Holstein.
Later, Prussia defeated Austria, forming the North German Confederation and giving Venice to Italy, removing Austria’s influence.