Socialist Movement and the Russian Revolution
The Industrial Revolution created an unequal society — poor workers vs. rich capitalists.
Some thinkers wanted a society based on equality and social justice.
Socialism emerged as an idea to establish an equal society.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels gave the most powerful ideas of socialism.
In Das Capital, Marx explained that all history is the history of class struggle.
Marx predicted that the workers (proletariat) would overthrow capitalists, leading to socialism.
Under socialism, means of production (factories, land, etc.) would be owned by the state.
The Russian Revolution was the first practical example of socialism.
Russia was industrially backward and depended mainly on agriculture.
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