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Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions where cells break down food molecules like glucose, using oxygen, to produce chemical energy in the form of ATP.

What is ATP

adenosine triphosphate. It is the primary energy currency of all living cells, acting as a chemical shuttle that stores and delivers the usable energy needed for vital body functions like muscle movement, digestion, and nerve signalling. 

The Chemical reaction of ATP

The core chemical reaction behind Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysis, where water breaks the unstable phosphoanhydride bond on the terminal phosphate group to release energy, converting ATP into Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate.

FROM VIDEO

Mitochondrion

In cellular respiration there is four primary stages.

GLYCOLYSIS, THE PREPATORY REACTION, THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE, THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN.

THE FIRST STAGE (GLYCOLYSES)

Glycoses is the first stage of cellular respiration.

It happens in the cytoplasm, outside of the mitochondria.

During glycolysis, enzymes break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate.

During this process, two ATP is released and NADH is released to be used in a later step in cellular respiration.

Second stage (Preparatory reaction

in this stage of cellular respiration, in preparatory reaction, the pyruvates of glycolysis move into the mitochondria, where they are converted into acetyl-CoA.

During this conversion process, more NADH is produced and carbon dioxide is released.

The third stage (Citric acid cycle)

The remaining carbons from the intact glucose are oxidized, releasing carbon dioxide.

NADH and FADH2 are also produced with two ATP molecules.

The fourth stage, electron transport chain.

The most amount of ATP production occurs in the fourth stage, the electron transport chain or the ETC.

In this stage, the NADH and FADH2 from the previous stage give up their electrons to the chain.

Energy is released and captured as the electrons move from a higher energy to a lower energy state, using a series of proteins embedded in membranes of mitochondria.

Later, this energy will be used for production of ATP, typically 32 to 34 per intinal glucose.

Oxygen is used by the ETC as a terminal electron acceptor.

It then combines with hydrogen ions to produce water.

If we see how much ATP was made from one glucose molecule, we can see it. It produces a total of 36 to 38 ATP.