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Cellular respiration is the set of metabolic reactions where cells break down food molecules like glucose, using oxygen, to produce chemical energy in the form of ATP.

What is ATP

adenosine triphosphate. It is the primary energy currency of all living cells, acting as a chemical shuttle that stores and delivers the usable energy needed for vital body functions like muscle movement, digestion, and nerve signalling. 

The Chemical reaction of ATP

The core chemical reaction behind Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is hydrolysis, where water breaks the unstable phosphoanhydride bond on the terminal phosphate group to release energy, converting ATP into Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate.

🧬 Cell Respiration

Cellular respiration is the chemical process cells use to release energy from glucose (sugar).

🔬 What happens?

1. Glucose comes into the cell.

2. In aerobic respiration, the cell uses oxygen.

3. Glucose is broken down through several chemical reactions.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells release energy from glucose (food) and convert it into usable energy called ATP. It mainly happens in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. First, glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, where one glucose molecule is split into two pyruvate molecules and a small amount of ATP is produced. The pyruvate then enters the mitochondria and goes through the Krebs cycle, where it is broken down further, releasing carbon dioxide and producing energy-carrying molecules. These molecules then move to the electron transport chain, where their energy is used to produce a large amount of ATP. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor and helps form water. Therefore, the overall process can be remembered as glucose + oxygen → ATP + carbon dioxide + water. Cellular respiration provides the energy cells need for activities such as growth, movement, repair, transport, and other life processes.

Stem ha nods and those nods have inter nods and those internods grow to inter nodes

1. Vegetative organs

These help the plant grow and survive:

Root → absorbs water and minerals

Stem → supports and transports materials

1. Plant Cell

Cell wall → supports and strengthens the cell.

Cell membrane → controls substances entering and leaving.

Nucleus → controls cell activities.

Chloroplast → contains chlorophyll and carries out photosynthesis.

Vacuole → contains cell sap and keeps the cell firm.

1. Vegetative organs

These help the plant grow and survive:

• Root → absorbs water and minerals

• Stem → supports and transports materials

• Leaf → makes food by photosynthesis

2. Reproductive organs

1. Earth would become extremely hot

2. It. Would be too hot for people

3. 
   

   Water would boil away

4. Plants would dry up and die

5. Animals would not survive

1. caterpillars

2. spiders

3. cockroaches

4. mosquitoes

these are the animals that can hear from their hair

Male Workers

• More likely to work in physically demanding jobs.

• Common in construction, mining, and engineering.

• Usually have fewer career breaks.

• Higher participation in some labour markets.

Female Workers