Stem
The stem is one of the main plant organs. It connects the roots to the leaves and supports the whole plant.
Functions of Stem
1. Support
Holds leaves, flowers, and fruits upright.
Keeps the plant standing.
2. Transport
Carries water and minerals from roots to leaves through xylem.
Carries food from leaves to other parts through phloem.
3. Food Storage (in some plants)
Some stems store food.
Example: potato (modified stem).
4. Photosynthesis (in some plants)
Green stems can make food using sunlight.
Example: cactus stems.
Types of Stems
Herbaceous stem – soft and green (e.g., sunflower)
Woody stem – hard and strong (e.g., trees)
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