Rawhiya

• The human skeletal system is made of 206 bones.

• It gives the body shape and support.

• It protects important organs like the brain, heart, and lungs.

• It works with muscles to help the body move.

• Bones store minerals such as calcium.

• Bone marrow inside some bones makes blood cells.

Living organisms have special characteristics that help them survive and grow. They move, even if some move very slowly; they respire to get energy; they respond to stimuli like light, sound, or touch; they grow by increasing in size; they reproduce to make more of their kind; they excrete waste from their bodies; and they need nutrition to stay alive. These seven life processes—movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition—show us that something is living.

Muscles are special body parts that help us move, stay strong, and do everyday activities. They work by tightening and relaxing, which lets you walk, run, lift things, smile, or even blink your eyes. Your muscles are connected to your bones, and when they pull on the bones, your body moves. You have many muscles all over your body—some you can control, like the ones in your arms and legs, and some work automatically, like the muscles that help you breathe. Muscles also keep your posture straight and protect your organs by giving your body shape and support.

Most plants are green this is because they contain a green pigment (colouring) called chlorophyll.

Plants use this energy to make food.

Structure of a plant

Parts of an organism are called organ.

Flower

Leaves

All living thing are made up of parts called cells. A cell is the smallest unit of life and is the building block of all organisms. When many similar cells join together to do the same job they are called a tissue

An animal cell is the basic unit of life in animals. It is very small and can be seen only under a microscope. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplast. They are surrounded by a thin cell membrane that controls what goes in and out. Inside the cell, there is a jelly-like fluid called cytoplasm where all the parts, like the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, float and work together. The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell because it controls all activities and carries genetic material (DNA). Animal cells help the body grow, repair, and stay healthy.

1. What is chloroplast's job Ans: chloroplast's job is to make food for the plant using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
   

2. What is chlorophyll's job? Ans: chlorophyll's job is to observe sunlight and help plants make food through photosynthesis

Questions:

1. Cell wall - cell wall thick outer layer that gives shape, strength,and protection to plant cells.

2. Cell membrane - a cell membrane is a thin outer covering that controls what goes in and out of the cell.

3. Cytoplasm - is a jelly like substance inside the cell where cell all the cell parts float and work.

• A micro organism is a living organisms soo small that we can only see it when we use a microscope.

• Microorganism are made of cells, like living organisms.

• Most micro organisms are made of one cell.

• There are several group of micro organisms.

• Bacteria, microscopic fungi, single celled algea and protozoa.

• Bacteria cells are much smaller than human cells. Questions: 1. What is micro organisms? Ans: tiny living things seen only with a microscope. 2. Is micro organisms living? Ans: yes, most are living except viruses. 3. How micro organisms form? Ans: this form by reproduction one makes of its kind.

1. Muscle organ that help us to move.

2. The muscles are attached to the bones by tendons.

3. Tendons are very strong, and they do not strech.

4. Muscles can get shorter.

5. When the biceps muscle contracts, it full on the radius and scapula.

6. The arm bends.
   

• The joints is a place where two bones meet.

• We have two main types of joints in our body.

• Fixed joints and moveable joints.

• The skull has fixed joint in the cranium.

• The cranium is made up of several bones together.

• This helps the cranium to protect the brain.

1. Roots – They grow underground, hold the plant firmly, and take in water and minerals from the soil.

2. Stem – It supports the plant and carries water, minerals, and food between the roots and leaves.

3. Leaves – They use sunlight to make food for the plant through photosynthesis.

4. Flowers – They are the reproductive parts that help the plant make seeds.

5. Fruits – They form from flowers and protect the seeds inside.

6. Seeds – They can grow into new plants when they get enough water, air, and warmth.

1. A cell is the smallest living part of all organisms.

2. All living things are made up of cells.

3. The nucleus controls all the activities inside the cell.

4. Cytoplasm fills the cell and holds the cell parts.

5. The cell membrane protects the cell and controls movement in and out.

6. Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts for making food.

1. The skeletal system gives shape and support to the body.

2. An adult has 206 bones.

3. Bones protect organs like the brain, heart, and lungs.

4. Bones help us move with the help of muscles.

5. The spine is made of small bones called vertebrae.

1. Carbohydrates – Main energy food (rice, bread, potatoes).

2. Proteins – Body-building food for growth and repair (milk, eggs, dal, beans).

3. Fats – Give extra energy and keep body warm (butter, oil, nuts).

4. Water – Helps digestion, controls temperature, and carries nutrients.

5. Fiber – Aids digestion, prevents constipation (fruits, vegetables, grains).

6. Vitamins – Protect from diseases and keep body working well (fruits, vegetables).

1. Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs.

2. They filter waste and extra water from the blood.

3. They make urine to remove waste.

4. They help control blood pressure.

5. They produce hormones for red blood cells and bone health.

1. The circulatory system is the body's transport system.

2. It carries oxygen, nutrients, and water to all parts of the body.

3. It removes waste like carbon day oxide and urea.

4. The heart blood through the body.

5. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

6. Weighing blood back to the heart.

Cornea – Focuses light.

Sclera – Protects the eye.

Iris – Controls pupil size.

Pupil – Lets light in.

Lens – Focuses light on retina.

Retina – Detects light, forms images.

Respiration is the biological process by which living beings take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide to produce energy from food.

1. Provides oxygen to the body cells for energy production.

2. Removes waste gas (carbon dioxide) from the body.

3. Helps in releasing energy (ATP) from glucose.

4. Maintains the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.

Made a eye structure.