1. Plant Adaptations

Plant adaptations are special features that help plants survive in their environments. These features make it easier for plants to get sunlight, water, air, protection, and grow better.

1.1 Structural Adaptations

• Thick waxy layers help plants keep water inside.

• Spines protect plants from animals and reduce water loss.

• Long roots help plants reach water deep underground.

• Small leaves help reduce drying out in hot places.

1.2 Structural Adaptations

• Broad leaves help capture more sunlight.

• Hairy leaves help trap moisture.

• Floating leaves help plants live on water.

• Air spaces inside leaves help them float.

1.3 Structural Adaptations

• Strong stems support large leaves.

• Bright flowers attract pollinators.

• Climbing stems help plants reach sunlight.

• Thick stems store water.

1.4 Structural Adaptations

• Shallow roots absorb quick rainwater.

• Deep taproots find underground water.

• Needle-like leaves reduce water loss.

• Curved leaves protect from strong sunlight.

1.5 Structural Adaptations

• Flexible stems help plants bend in water.

• Soft tissues help store food.

• Hard shells protect seeds.

• Fruits help in seed spreading.

1.6 Structural Adaptations

• Strong bark protects from cold.

• Dark-colored leaves absorb heat.

• Stilt roots help plants stand in muddy soil.

• Prop roots support tall plants.

1.7 Structural Adaptations

• Roots that grow above ground help with breathing in wet areas.

• Thick trunks store water.

• Sticky surfaces trap insects.

• Cup-shaped leaves collect water.

1.8 Structural Adaptations

• Sharp edges scare animals away.

• Smooth surfaces help slide off water.

• Strong fiber tissues stop plants from breaking.

• Groups of leaves help protect the center of the plant.

2. Physiological Adaptations

Physiological adaptations are changes inside the plant that help it survive better.

2.1 Physiological Adaptations

• Opening stomata at night helps save water.

• Making special chemicals prevents freezing.

• Dropping leaves helps save energy.

• Storing water inside stems helps during dry times.

2.2 Physiological Adaptations

• Storing extra food helps plants survive winter.

• Slowing down growth saves energy.

• Making sticky liquids traps insects.

• Thick sap protects plants from insects.

2.3 Physiological Adaptations

• Filtering salt from water helps plants in salty areas.

• Pushing out salt through leaves removes extra salt.

• Holding water in cells keeps plants alive in heat.

• Making strong smells keeps animals away.

2.4 Physiological Adaptations

• Producing bright colors attracts pollinators.

• Making nectar helps attract animals.

• Producing toxins protects from being eaten.

• Making bitter tastes keeps animals away.

2.5 Physiological Adaptations

• Fast seed growth helps plants live in short seasons.

• Seeds sleeping until rain helps survival.

• Roots absorbing water quickly helps in dry areas.

• Thick sap prevents drying.

2.6 Physiological Adaptations

• Plants bend toward light for more energy.

• Roots grow downward to find water.

• Closing leaves when touched protects from harm.

• Saving water during hot days helps survival.

2.7 Physiological Adaptations

• Storing oxygen helps underwater plants.

• Using sunlight faster helps in bright places.

• Growing slowly helps survive poor soils.

• Producing slime keeps stems safe.