Fertilisation, haploid and diploid
Haploid (n)
Explanation: A haploid cell is a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes (n). This means it has half the total number of chromosomes found in a normal body cell.
The 'n' stands for the number of chromosomes in a single set.
n humans, the haploid number is 23 chromosomes.
Examples: The only haploid cells in the human body are the gametes .
Diploid (2n)
Explanation: A diploid cell is a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes (2n). These two sets come from the fusion of two haploid cells (one set from each parent).
The '2n' means there are two sets of chromosomes.
In humans, the diploid number is 46 chromosomes (or 23 pairs).
Examples: Nearly all the cells that make up your body, like skin cells, muscle cells, and liver cells, are diploid.
Fertilisation
Explanation: Fertilisation is the biological process where the nucleus of a male gamete (sperm) fuses with the nucleus of a female gamete (egg).
Details:
This fusion combines the two haploid nuclei (n+n).
It forms a single new cell called a zygote.
The zygote is a diploid cell (2n), meaning it now has a full, correct number of chromosomes (46 in humans).
The zygote will then divide many times by mitosis to grow and develop into an embryo and eventually a new organism.