structure of atoms
An atom's structure consists of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the center, made of protons and neutrons, and negatively charged electrons orbiting the nucleus in shells or orbitals. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the element's atomic number, while a neutral atom has an equal number of protons and electrons. Electrons exist in specific energy levels, governed by quantum mechanics, and their arrangement determines the atom's chemical properties.
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