Energy Transfer
Conduction – This is when heat or energy is transferred through a material, like when a metal spoon gets hot because it’s in a hot pot of soup. Heat moves through the metal.
Convection – Happens in fluids (liquids or gases), where warmer parts of the fluid rise and cooler parts sink. This is how air gets heated by a radiator or how the ocean currents work.
Radiation – Energy transfer through electromagnetic waves. Think of how the Sun heats Earth. The energy travels through space as light or heat radiation.
Mechanical Work – When energy moves from one object to another through forces like pushing, pulling, or compression. This could be as simple as when you kick a soccer ball and give it kinetic energy.
Electrical Transfer – In electric circuits, energy is transferred through the movement of electric charges, like how a battery powers your phone.
⚡ What is Electricity?
Electricity = flow of electrons.It moves through a circuit (a path), powered by a source like a battery or power plant.
🔋 Types of Electricity:
Static Electricity
That shock you get when you touch a doorknob? That’s static. It's a build-up of charge that suddenly discharges.
Happens when certain materials rub together, like your socks on a carpet.
Current Electricity
This is the kind that powers stuff — your phone, lights, microwave, etc.
Comes in two flavors:
Direct Current (DC): Electrons flow in one direction (like from a battery).
Alternating Current (AC): Electrons switch directions back and forth (like what powers your house).
🔌 Electric Circuits
A circuit needs:
Power Source (battery, power supply)
Conductor (usually copper wires)
Load (something that uses electricity, like a bulb)
Switch (to open or close the circuit)
If the circuit is complete (closed), electricity flows. If it’s broken (open), it stops.
💡 How Energy Transfers in Electricity
Chemical energy in a battery → electrical energy in wires → light/heat/sound energy in the device (like a lamp or speaker).