Karthikeyan

Plants are made up of two main systems that work together to keep the plant alive.

1. Root System

Grows below the ground

Functions:

• Absorbs water and minerals

• Anchors the plant firmly in soil

• Stores food (in some plants)

Parts:

• Primary root – main root

• Secondary roots – branch from primary root

• Root hairs – absorb water and minerals

Types of roots:

• Tap root (e.g., carrot)

• Fibrous root (e.g., grass)

2. Shoot System

Grows above the ground

Includes:

• Stem

• Leaves

• Flowers

• Fruits

• Seeds

A. Stem

Functions:

• Supports the plant

• Transports water and food

• Holds leaves and flowers

B. Leaf

Functions:

• Photosynthesis (makes food)

• Respiration

• Transpiration

Parts of a leaf:

• Lamina (leaf blade)

• Midrib

• Veins

• Petiole

C. Flower

Reproductive part of the plant

Parts:

• Sepals – protect the bud

• Petals – attract insects

• Stamen (male part)

• Pistil/Carpel (female part)

D. Fruit

• Protects seeds

• Helps in seed dispersal

E. Seed

• Contains embryo

• Grows into a new plant