Jaza

when energy is given to an atom, its electrons absorb that energy and jump to a higher shell.

this is called an excited state, but it is not stable.

1. - after a very short time, the electrons fall back down to their normal shells.

   - when they fall, the electrons release the extra energy they had absorbed.

   - this energy comes out as light.

   - the color of the light depends on how much energy is released when the electrons move down.

kingdom:a kingdom is the largest group used to classify living things. all living organisms are divided into major kingdoms based on their characteristics. for example, animals belong to the animal kingdom, plants belong to the plant kingdom, fungi belong to the fungi kingdom, and so on. it helps scientists organize and study life.

dna:dna (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries all the information about how a living thing looks and works. it acts like an instruction book for building and maintaining an organism. every cell in your body has dna inside its nucleus.

chromosome:a chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of dna and protein. it is found inside the nucleus of a cell. chromosomes carry genes, and humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in each cell.

gene:a gene is a small section of dna that controls a particular trait, such as eye color, height, or blood type. genes…

Atomic Number

• Definition: The Atomic Number (1$\text{Z}$) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.2
  

• Protons: Tiny, positively charged particles found in the center (nucleus) of an atom.3
  

• Nucleus: The dense, central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.4
  

• Key Fact: The Atomic Number is what defines an element. If the number of protons changes, the element changes.

• In a neutral atom: The number of protons is always equal to the number of electrons.
  

• Definition:

  • An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties.

  Structure:

  • Atoms are made up of three main subatomic particles:

    • Protons - positively charged (+1)

    • Neutrons - no charge (neutral)