Unit-3 chapter-1 Pg:- 96,97,98

A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy and momentum from one point to another in a medium. For example, the wave of the ocean moves in medium water and we can see the movement of the wave crest from one side to the other side in a given time period.

• Types of Waves: There are two main categories: mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves. Mechanical waves require a medium to travel, such as sound waves in air or water waves on the surface. Electromagnetic waves, on the other hand, can travel through a vacuum and include light waves, radio waves, and X-rays.

• Properties of Waves: Waves can be described by their:

  • Amplitude: The height of the wave, which is related to the energy it carries.

  • Wavelength: The distance between two identical points in a wave cycle, like crest to crest.

  • Frequency: The number of wave cycles that pass a point in a given time (measured in Hertz or Hz). Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional: shorter wavelengths have higher frequencies.

  • Period: The time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a point. It's the reciprocal of frequency.