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Sreeshan · 2024-02-28T04:51:13.290Z

What is solubility: • Solubility is the ability of a solid substance (the solute) to dissolve completely in a liquid (the solvent). • It's usually measured in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent, at a specific temperature. • When a solute dissolves, its molecules or ions spread evenly throughout the solvent, forming a homogeneous solution. Factors Affecting the Solubility of Solids: 1. "Like Dissolves Like" Principle: • Polar solvents (like water) dissolve polar solutes (like sugar, and salt). • Nonpolar solvents (like oil or hexane) dissolve nonpolar solutes (like waxes and fats). 2. Temperature: • For most solids, solubility increases as temperature increases. This is because higher temperatures provide more kinetic energy to break the bonds holding the solid together. • However, there are some exceptions where solubility decreases with increasing temperature. 3. Pressure: • Pressure has a minimal effect on the solubility of solids in liquids. 4. Surface Area: • Smaller particle size of the solid leads to greater surface area. This increased surface area means more contact with the solvent molecules, leading to faster dissolution. 5. Common Ion Effect: • If a solution already contains ions common to the solid you're trying to dissolve, the solubility decreases. This is because the equilibrium of the dissolving process is shifted. Types of Solutions Based on Solubility: • Saturated Solution: Contains the maximum possible amount of solute dissolved at a given temperature. • Unsaturated Solution: Contains less than the maximum amount of solute that could dissolve. • Supersaturated Solution: Contains more solute than should be possible at that temperature. These solutions are unstable and the excess solute will often precipitate out. Example: Sugar in Water: Sugar (a polar molecule) dissolves well in water (also polar) due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the water and sugar molecules. As you heat the water, sugar dissolves more easily and in larger amounts.

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Feb 28, 2024

Solubility of a solid

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What is solubility:

Solubility is the ability of a solid substance (the solute) to dissolve completely in a liquid (the solvent).
It's usually measured in grams of solute per 100 grams of solvent, at a specific temperature.
When a solute dissolves, its molecules or ions spread evenly throughout the solvent, forming a homogeneous solution.

Factors Affecting the Solubility of Solids:

Types of Solutions Based on Solubility:

Example: Sugar in Water:

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