Voltage:

• Technical definition: Voltage (V) is the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. It represents the energy per unit charge (Joules per Coulomb) that a source can impart to move electrons.

• Analogy: Imagine a water pump (voltage source) creating pressure (voltage) in a pipe. This pressure pushes water molecules (electrons) through the pipe.

• Units: Measured in Volts (V).

• Impact on Circuits: Higher voltage signifies a greater push, causing more current to flow through a conductor (assuming constant resistance).

Current:

• Technical definition: Current (I) is the rate of flow of electric charge through a conductor. It's measured by the amount of charge (Coulombs) that passes a specific point in a circuit every second.

• Analogy: Continuing the water analogy, current is like the rate of water flows through the pipe. A wider pipe or higher pressure (voltage) can allow for more current flow.

• Units: Measured in Amperes (A).

• Impact on Circuits: A higher current signifies more electrons flowing past a specific point per second. This can have various effects depending on the circuit, like heating up wires due to resistance.

  
  

Relationship between Voltage and Current:

• Ohm's Law: This fundamental law states that current (I) is directly proportional to voltage (V) and inversely proportional to resistance (R) in a circuit. It can be expressed as I = V / R.

• Resistance: Resistance (R) is a material's property that opposes the flow of current. It's like the narrowness of the pipe in our analogy, restricting water flow (current) even with high pressure (voltage).