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The 2 parts of the skull are cranial region (neurocranium) and facial region (viscerocranium). There are opening or passages within bones, that allows nerves, blood vessels, and other structures to pass through. There are called foramanias. The human skull contains 21 foraminas.

The one and only group of nerves that originate from the brain is cranial nerves.

Cranial Nerves nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn

Cranial nerves are a set of 12 nerves that send electrical signals between your brain and different parts of your head, face, neck and torso. These signals help you see, smell, taste, hear and move your facial muscles.

The 12 cranial nerves are: Olfactory (I), Optic (II), Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), Trigeminal (V), Abducens (VI), Facial (VII), Vestibulocochlear (VIII), Glossopharyngeal (IX), Vagus (X), Accessory (XI), and Hypoglossal (XII).

• Olfactory nerve (I): Responsible for the sense of smell.

• Optic nerve (II): Deals with vision.

• Oculomotor nerve (III): Controls most eye movements, eyelid elevation, and pupil constriction.

• Trochlear nerve (IV): Moves the eye down and inward.

• Trigeminal nerve (V): Has both sensory (touch, pain, temperature) and motor functions (chewing) in the face.

• Abducens nerve (VI): Controls lateral eye movement.

• Facial nerve (VII): Controls facial expressions, taste sensation, and some gland secretions.

• Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII): Concerned with hearing and balance.

• Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX): Controls taste, swallowing, and salivary gland secretions.

• Vagus nerve (X): Has a wide range of functions, including heart rate, digestion, and speech.

• Accessory nerve (XI): Controls neck and shoulder movements.

• Hypoglossal nerve (XII): Controls tongue movements.