Electric current is the flow of electric charges, usually electrons, through a conductor like a wire.It flows from the positive end of a power source to the negative end (by convention), though electrons actually move from negative to positive.

Current is measured in amperes (A), and it depends on:

• The voltage (push from the battery or power source)

• The resistance (how hard it is for charges to move)

  
  

⚡ Electric Current (Current)

Current (I) is the rate of flow of electric charge.In simple terms, it tells us how many charges pass through a point in the wire per second.

Mathematically:I = Q / t,where Q is charge (in coulombs), and t is time (in seconds).

🔋 Cell

A cell is a device that produces a small amount of electrical energy by chemical reaction inside it.It has two ends:

• Positive terminal (+)

• Negative terminal (−)

A single cell provides a low voltage (usually 1.5 volts).

🔋🔋 Battery

A battery is a group of connected cells.It gives more voltage and lasts longer.Batteries also work through chemical reactions that push electrons through a circuit.

For example:A 9V battery may have 6 small cells joined together.

🔁 Direct Current (DC)

DC (Direct Current) means the electric current flows in one direction only.It is produced by:

• Cells

• Batteries

• Solar panels

In DC, electrons always move from the negative to the positive side.

🔄 Alternating Current (AC)

AC (Alternating Current) means the current changes direction regularly (back and forth).It is used in:

• Home appliances

• Power stations

In India, AC changes direction 50 times every second (called 50 Hz).

🧲 Good Conductors

Good conductors are materials that let electric current pass through them easily.They have free electrons that move freely.

Examples:

• Copper (used in wires)

• Silver

• Aluminium

These are used in circuits to carry current.

🚫 Bad Conductors (Insulators)

Insulators do not allow electric current to pass easily.They have very few free electrons.

Examples:

• Rubber

• Plastic

• Wood

• Glass

They are used to protect us from electric shocks and to cover wires.