• Conduction is the process by which heat is transferred from one part of a substance to another without the movement of the substance itself

• Thermal conduction is when thermal energy transfer from one end to the other

Thermal Conductor

• A substance that can conduct thermal energy is called thermal conductor

• Example - Copper Or Aluminum

• When one part of a thermal conductor is heated, the particles in that region—mostly atoms—begin to vibrate faster

Thermal Insulator

• A substance that conducts very little thermal energy

• An insulator is a material that prevents or slows down the transfer of heat by conduction.

How conduction occurs?

• Hold a metal rod in a fire. Suddenly, your hand burns

• The heat conducted along the rod, molecule by molecule, atom by atom—until it reached your skin.

Difference Between Conductor And Thermal Conductor

 Conductor (Electrical Conductor)

• Conducts electricity.

• Transfers energy via free-flowing electrons.

• Allows electric current to pass easily.

• Used in wires, electrical circuits, batteries, electronic devices.

• Examples: Copper, Silver, Aluminum, Gold, Graphite.

  
  

Thermal Conductor

• Conducts heat (thermal energy).

• Transfers energy via vibrating particles and free electrons (in metals).

• Allows fast movement of heat from hot to cold areas.

• Used in cooking utensils, radiators, heat sinks, thermal plates.

• Examples: Copper, Aluminum, Steel, Diamond.

  
  

Conductor And Insulator

• When a conductor (like metal) gets hot, an insulator resists that heat from spreading to unwanted areas.

• It slows down conduction by not allowing energy to pass easily.

Example

• Conductor: The metal pan (like aluminum or steel) gets hot quickly to cook food.

• Insulator: The plastic or wooden handle stays cool so thy soft, mortal hand does not roast.