Cytoplasm

• What is it?

  A thick, jelly-like liquid that fills up the inside of the cell.

  
  

• What’s inside it?

  Water, proteins, salts, sugars, and all the little parts of the cell like mitochondria, ribosomes, etc.

  
  

• What does it do?

  • It holds all the parts of the cell in place.

  • It lets things move around inside the cell.

  • It’s where many tiny chemical reactions happen—like breaking down food or building new parts.

  • It helps carry things to where they’re needed inside the cell.

  
  

• Why is it important?

  Without cytoplasm, the cell would just fall apart and couldn’t do any of its jobs.

Nucleus

• What is it?

  A round part in the center of many cells—like a boss’s office.

  
  

• What’s inside it?

  • DNA (the instructions for the cell, like a recipe book).

  • Nucleolus (a small round part inside that makes ribosomes).

  • Jelly-like liquid called nucleoplasm.

  
  

• What does it do?

  • Controls what the cell does: when it grows, when it divides, and when it makes proteins.

  • Sends messages to the rest of the cell.

  • Protects the DNA inside.

  • Helps the cell know how to repair itself if it gets damaged.

    
    

• Why is it important?

  It keeps the cell organized and tells it how to stay alive and do its job.

Mitochondria

• What is it?

  Tiny bean-shaped parts in the cell—called the powerhouses.

  
  

• What’s inside it?

  • Inner folds called cristae, which increase surface area.

  • Enzymes and other chemicals to help break down food.

  • Small bits of DNA (they have their own DNA).

  
  

• What does it do?

  • Takes the food the cell has and turns it into energy (called ATP).

  • Helps the cell do everything—from moving to growing to thinking (in brain cells).

  • Stores some of the energy for later use.

  • Works harder when the cell needs more energy—like during exercise.

  
  

• Why is it important?

  Without mitochondria, the cell wouldn’t have the energy to do anything. It would stop working.

Note/summary:

1. A fact about cells are that, they are around 80% full of water and this water mostly comes from cytoplasm.

2. Nucleus is the producer of ribosomes, it has its own DNA inside it and it’s filled with a Jelly-like liquid called nucleoplasm.

3. Mitochondria make energy, they turn food into fuel (ATP) so the cell can do its jobs and mitochondria would work non-stop when the doesn’t have energy to do anything.