Titanium is formed through both natural geological processes and industrial extraction methods:

Naturally (in Earth’s crust):

• Formation: Titanium is a naturally occurring element found primarily in minerals such as rutile (TiO₂) and ilmenite (FeTiO₃). These minerals are formed through igneous and metamorphic processes in the Earth's crust.

• Sources: Major titanium-rich mineral deposits are found in beach sands, hard rock formations, and magmatic layers.

Industrial Process (to obtain pure titanium):

1. Mining and Processing: Titanium ores (mostly ilmenite and rutile) are mined and concentrated.

2. Conversion to Titanium Tetrachloride (TiCl₄): The ore is reacted with chlorine and carbon at high temperatures to produce TiCl₄ gas.

3. Kroll Process: The TiCl₄ is then reduced using magnesium in a high-temperature chamber to produce spongy titanium metal.

4. Purification and Alloying: The raw titanium is purified, melted, and alloyed (if needed) for industrial use.

Would you like a visual diagram of this process?