Reproduction in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) is sexual reproduction involving the formation of flowers, pollination, fertilization, seed formation, and fruit development. Here's an overview:

1. Structure of a Flower

A typical flower has four main parts:

• Sepals (protect the flower bud)

• Petals (attract pollinators)

• Stamens (male reproductive part): made of anther (produces pollen) and filament

• Carpels/Pistil (female reproductive part): consists of stigma, style, and ovary (contains ovules)

2. Pollination

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma. It can be:

• Self-pollination: same flower or same plant

• Cross-pollination: between different plants of the same species (promotes genetic diversity)

Pollinators include insects, birds, wind, and water.

3. Fertilization

• Pollen grain lands on the stigma, grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary.

• Sperm cells travel through the tube to fertilize the ovule (egg cell).

• This results in zygote formation which develops into an embryo.

4. Seed and Fruit Formation

• The fertilized ovule becomes a seed.

• The ovary develops into a fruit, which protects the seeds and aids in their dispersal.

5. Seed Dispersal and Germination

Seeds are dispersed by wind, water, animals, or mechanical forces. When conditions are right, a seed germinates, giving rise to a new plant.