Page number 24&25
Microorganisms are tiny living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. They include bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa. Some microorganisms are beneficial, helping with digestion, food production, and decomposition, while others can cause diseases.
Decay is the natural process of breaking down organic matter by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This process helps recycle nutrients back into the environment, playing a crucial role in ecosystems by decomposing dead plants and animals.
Microorganisms cause decay by breaking down organic matter using enzymes. They thrive in warm, moist environments with plenty of oxygen (aerobic decay) or without oxygen (anaerobic decay). Bacteria and fungi decompose dead plants and animals, releasing nutrients back into the soil. Factors like temperature, oxygen, moisture, and the type of material being decomposed affect the speed of decay.
How to prevent microorganisms from decaying.
1.Keep Things Dry-Microorganisms thrive in moisture, so reducing humidity and keeping food, wood, and other materials dry helps slow decay.
2. Store at Low Temperatures- Refrigerating or freezing food slows microbial activity, preventing spoilage.
3. Use Preservatives -Salt, sugar, vinegar, and chemical preservatives (like sodium benzoate) help inhibit microbial growth.
4. Maintain Cleanliness -Regular cleaning and disinfecting surfaces prevent bacteria and fungi from spreading.
5. Reduce Oxygen Exposure - Sealing food in airtight containers or vacuum packaging slows aerobic microbial decay.
6. Proper Waste Disposal - Disposing of organic waste properly helps prevent the spread of decay-causing microorganisms.
7. Use Antimicrobial Treatments -Wood, fabrics, and food can be treated with antimicrobial agents to slow decay.