Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus.

They are made up of DNA and proteins called histones.

DNA in chromosomes carries genetic information.

Genes are segments of DNA present on chromosomes.

Chromosomes control traits, body functions, and inheritance.

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell.

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes.

22 pairs are autosomes (non-sex chromosomes).

1 pair is sex chromosomes (XX in females, XY in males).

During cell division, chromosomes become visible as X-shaped structures.

Each chromosome has two chromatids joined at a centromere.

Telomeres are protective caps at the ends of chromosomes.

Chromosomes ensure DNA is accurately copied during cell division.

Any change in number or structure of chromosomes can cause genetic disorders.

Examples of chromosome disorders include Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.

notes

Chromosomes are found in the cells.

They are thread-like structures made up of DNA and proteins

Humans have 46 chromosomes in body cells.

1 pair is sex chromosomes.

Females have XX sex chromosomes.

Males have XY sex chromosomes.

Changes in chromosomes can cause disorders.