1. Refraction – Light bends when it passes from one medium to another due to a change in its speed.
2. Reflection – Light changes direction when it bounces off a surface like a mirror.
3. Diffraction – Light bends around the edges of an object or through a small opening.
4. Change in Medium – When light enters a denser or less dense medium (like from air to water), its speed changes, causing it to bend.
5. Angle of Incidence – The angle at which light strikes a surface affects how it reflects or refracts.
6. Surface Type – Light reflects in a specific direction from smooth surfaces and scatters in many directions from rough surfaces.
7. Prism Effect – When light enters a prism, it bends and splits into different colors due to varying speeds in the glass.
8. Curved Surfaces – Light changes direction differently when hitting curved surfaces, like lenses or curved mirrors.
9. Temperature Differences – Hot air is less dense than cold air, which can bend light (as seen in mirages).
10. Wave Nature of Light – As a wave, light can interfere with itself and change direction due to wave interactions.
