The structure of a molecule refers to the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds between them
In chemistry, structure is extremely important because it determines nearly everything about a substance — from its physical and chemical properties to its reactivity and function.
Physical Relevance
Melting & Boiling Points: Molecules with strong bonds (like ionic or hydrogen bonds) have higher melting/boiling points.
Solubility: polar structures dissolve in polar solvents; non-polar in non-polar.
Density and Hardness: The arrangement of atoms in solids (e.g., diamond vs. graphite) affects hardness.
Chemical Reactivity
Molecules with similar atoms but different structures (isomers) can have very different reactivities
Why do isomers have different reactivity -: Structural isomers (different connectivity of atoms)
Example Of Comparison
Water (H₂O) - Bent shape - Polar, good solvent
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) - Linear - Non-polar
Diamond (C) - Tetrahedral network - Hardest natural material
How does the structure of water contribute to its high boiling point?
Why does the structure of graphite allow it to conduct electricity, while diamond does not?
How does the structure of enzymes relate to their specificity in biochemical reactions?
What role does the structure of a drug molecule play in its interaction with a biological target?
How does crystal structure affect the solubility of ionic compounds?