O Horizon – Organic Layer (Topmost part)
It’s the very top of the ground.
Made from dead leaves and stuff.
It turns into food for the soil.
Worms and bugs love it here.
It’s super dark in color.
Found in forests and gardens.
It helps new soil grow.
It smells like fresh dirt.
Keeps the soil below safe.
It changes into topsoil over time.
A Horizon – Topsoil (Plant zone)
Plants grow in this soil.
It has lots of food for plants.
Worms, bugs, and roots live here.
It’s dark brown or black.
Farmers grow crops in it.
It’s soft and easy to dig.
Air and water move through it.
Made from broken leaves and bugs.
It keeps water for plants to drink.
Without it, plants can’t grow well.
B Horizon – Subsoil (Under topsoil)
It’s under the topsoil.
It has less plant food.
Has clay, roots, and some rocks.
Lighter in color than topsoil.
It’s harder to dig.
Not great for growing plants.
Water from topsoil goes here.
Stores stuff like iron and minerals.
Big roots can reach this layer.
It’s like a storage layer.
C Horizon – Parent Rock (Rocky zone)
Full of broken rocks.
Almost no plants live here.
This layer helps new soil form.
Water can drip through cracks.
Looks rocky and rough.
It’s under the subsoil.
Has almost no food for plants.
Looks gray or dull.
It takes years to become soil.
It’s like soil’s grandparent!
R Horizon – Bedrock (Bottom layer)
It’s the very bottom.
Made of strong, solid rock.
No plants grow here.
Super hard to break.
Deep under the ground.
No water or air inside.
It holds up all the layers.
Cracks form slowly over time.
Turns into smaller rocks one day.
It’s the Earth’s rock foundation.
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