Niveditha

Introduction

Contact process is an industrial method involving reversible reactions for manufacturing Sulphuric acid. It comprises 3 primary steps.

Step 1

Sulphur is combusted with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide. It's equation is :

S8 + 8O2 = 8SO2

The raw material needed for the contact process are sulphur, air, and water. Sulphur can be mined in various parts of the world, but large quantities are obtained from removing the impurities from fossil fuels (the process is known as desulphurisation)

Longitudinal Waves - When the wave particle's movement (propagation) is parallel to the energy transfer. For example, Sound waves are longitudinal waves.

Transverse Waves - When the wave particle's movement (propagation) is perpendicular to the the energy transfer. For example, Light is a transverse wave.

All EM (electromagnetic) waves are transverse waves, because the magnetic field and electric field is perpendicular to the wave propagation. why?

The 5 main properties of Waves are amplitude, frequency, wavelength, wave speed, and time period.

Amplitude → The total displacement of a wave from it's resting position. It is about "how much a wave disturbs a medium?" Amplitude is denoted by the symbol 'A.' It's S.I. unit is metre (m). It's formulae is :

x = A sin (wt + φ)

OR

x = A cos (wt + φ)

Frequency → The total number of waves passing through a definite point in a given time. It is about "how often a wave disturbs a medium?" Frequency is denoted by the symbol 'f.' It's S.I. unit is Hertz (Hz), named in the honour of a German physicist - Heinrich Rudolf - Hertz. It's formulae is :

The Graph Representation of Waves

The 2 main graphs used to represent waves are displacement - distance and displacement - time graph.

-Displacement - distance graph

A displacement - distance graph shows the position of each particle in a wave relative to it's distance from a reference point.

The x axis = distance and the y axis = displacement. why?

In most scientific graphs, y axis is consisting of dependent variable and x axis contains independent variable. why?