Keshu

First Law (Inertia)

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by a net external force.This property, called inertia, depends on the object's mass; heavier objects resist changes in motion more.​Example: A book on a table remains still until you push it.​

Second Law (Force and Acceleration)

The net force on an object equals its mass times acceleration, expressed as F⃗=ma⃗F=ma.Acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass, so doubling the force doubles acceleration for the same mass.​Example: Pushing a light cart accelerates it more than a heavy one with the same force.​

Third Law (Action-Reaction)

For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force acting on different objects. These forces are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction and do not cancel each other.​Example: A rocket propels forward…

What is Gravity?

Gravity is a fundamental force of nature that causes objects with mass (or energy) to attract each other.

In simple words: Gravity is why things fall down, planets orbit, stars exist, and the universe sticks together.

Why Does Gravity Exist?

Because mass and energy affect space and time.

There are two main ways scientists explain gravity:

Oxides are compounds of oxygen with elements, classified as acidic (non-metal), basic (metal), amphoteric, or neutral, which react with acids/bases to form salts and water. Salts are ionic compounds formed from these neutralization reactions, specifically when metal oxides (basic) react with acids or non-metal oxides (acidic) react with bases.

Key Types of Oxides and Their Behavior 

• Basic Oxides: Formed by metals (e.g.,

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Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element that have the same number of protons and electrons but differ in the number of neutrons in their nucleus. While having identical atomic numbers and almost identical chemical properties, they possess different atomic masses and physical properties. Examples include Carbon-12 and Carbon-14, both having 6 protons but different neutron counts. 

Key Characteristics and Facts About Isotopes: 

• Structure: They share the same atomic number (protons) but have different mass numbers (protons + neutrons).

• Chemical Behavior: Because they have the same electron configuration, they behave almost identical in chemical reactions.

• Types:

  • Stable Isotopes: Do not emit radiation and do not change over time (e.g., Carbon-12).