Electricity Conductors and Insulators
Conductors:
Conductors are materials that allow electric current to pass through them easily. This is because they have free electrons in their outer shells that can move freely from one atom to another when a voltage is applied.
Metals are the best conductors because of their atomic structure.
Good conductors:
Copper – widely used in electrical wiring.
Aluminum – used in power lines (lighter and cheaper than copper).
Silver – best conductor, but expensive.
Gold – resistant to corrosion, used in high-end electronics.
Insulators:
Insulators are materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them easily. Their electrons are tightly bound and not free to move, which prevents the flow of electricity.
Insulators are used to protect us from electric current.
Common insulators:
Rubber – used to coat wires and tools.
Plastic – used in wire insulation, appliances.
Glass – used in high-voltage power lines.
Wood – dry wood is a good insulator.
Why They Matter:
Conductors are essential for transmitting electricity in homes, industries, and devices.
Insulators are vital for safety, preventing electric shocks and short circuits.
Example:
In an electric wire:
The metal core (usually copper) conducts electricity.
The plastic or rubber coating insulates the wire, protecting people from getting shocked.
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