Temperature
Higher temperature → faster reaction.
Particles move faster → more frequent and energetic collisions.
More particles have activation energy to react.
Concentration Of Reactants
Higher concentration → more particles in a given volume.
Increases the frequency of collisions between reactant particles.
Surface Area
Smaller particle size or more surface area → more area for reactions.
Increases the number of collisions at the surface.
Catalyst
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.
Catalyst is a substance that can increase the rate of reaction
Pressure
Higher pressure → particles are closer together.
Increases the collision frequency between gas molecules.
Affects only reactions involving gases.
Light
Light can provide energy to break bonds.
Example: Photosynthesis, decomposition of silver chloride in light.
