• Scientists want to recreate fusion because it could provide a huge amount of clean energy, with no greenhouse gas emissions and far less radioactive waste than nuclear fission.

• Why It Matters: Fusion, if achieved at scale, promises an abundant, long-term energy source without many of the drawbacks of current fossil fuels or fission reactors.

Plasma

• Plasma is a type of state of matter, plasma is a state of matter that is superheated

• Plasma is a state of matter consisting a bunch of charged particle ( ions ) and electrons

• The plasma forms when the gas is highly heated, really heated causing the electrons of the atoms to leave

Achieving Fusion

• Extreme Conditions: Temperatures must be hotter than the Sun’s core (because we lack the Sun’s immense gravitational confinement).

• Holding and controlling a superheated plasma (ionized gas) inside a reactor without it touching the walls is very difficult. Techniques like magnetic confinement (tokamaks) or inertial confinement (laser-driven) are under research.

• Scientists need to get more energy out of fusion reactions than they put in to heat and sustain the plasma.

Benefits Of Artificial Fusion

• Fusion typically uses isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium, tritium) rather than heavy radioactive elements like uranium or plutonium.

• No Greenhouse Gases: The process does not directly emit CO₂.

• If successful, fusion could be a major step toward global energy sustainability.